> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://xiansakana.gitbook.io/study/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://xiansakana.gitbook.io/study/microservice/gao-ji-pian-day04-an-zhuang-openresty.md).

# 高级篇day04-安装OpenResty

### 1. 安装

首先你的Linux虚拟机必须联网

#### 1.1 安装开发库

首先要安装OpenResty的依赖开发库，执行命令：

```sh
yum install -y pcre-devel openssl-devel gcc --skip-broken
```

#### 1.2 安装OpenResty仓库

你可以在你的 CentOS 系统中添加 `openresty` 仓库，这样就可以便于未来安装或更新我们的软件包（通过 `yum check-update` 命令）。运行下面的命令就可以添加我们的仓库：

```
yum-config-manager --add-repo https://openresty.org/package/centos/openresty.repo
```

如果提示说命令不存在，则运行：

```
yum install -y yum-utils 
```

然后再重复上面的命令

#### 1.3 安装OpenResty

然后就可以像下面这样安装软件包，比如 `openresty`：

```bash
yum install -y openresty
```

#### 1.4 安装opm工具

opm是OpenResty的一个管理工具，可以帮助我们安装一个第三方的Lua模块。

如果你想安装命令行工具 `opm`，那么可以像下面这样安装 `openresty-opm` 包：

```bash
yum install -y openresty-opm
```

#### 1.5 目录结构

默认情况下，OpenResty安装的目录是：/usr/local/openresty

![image-20200310225539214](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/microservice-springcloud-rabbitmq-docker-redis-es/image-20200310225539214.png)

看到里面的nginx目录了吗，OpenResty就是在Nginx基础上集成了一些Lua模块。

#### 1.6 配置nginx的环境变量

打开配置文件：

```sh
vi /etc/profile
```

在最下面加入两行：

```sh
export NGINX_HOME=/usr/local/openresty/nginx
export PATH=${NGINX_HOME}/sbin:$PATH
```

NGINX\_HOME：后面是OpenResty安装目录下的nginx的目录

然后让配置生效：

```
source /etc/profile
```

### 2. 启动和运行

OpenResty底层是基于Nginx的，查看OpenResty目录的nginx目录，结构与windows中安装的nginx基本一致：

![image-20210811100653291](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/microservice-springcloud-rabbitmq-docker-redis-es/image-20210811100653291.png)

所以运行方式与nginx基本一致：

```sh
# 启动nginx
nginx
# 重新加载配置
nginx -s reload
# 停止
nginx -s stop
```

nginx的默认配置文件注释太多，影响后续我们的编辑，这里将nginx.conf中的注释部分删除，保留有效部分。

修改`/usr/local/openresty/nginx/conf/nginx.conf`文件，内容如下：

```nginx

#user  nobody;
worker_processes  1;
error_log  logs/error.log;

events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}

http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;
    sendfile        on;
    keepalive_timeout  65;

    server {
        listen       8081;
        server_name  localhost;
        location / {
            root   html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }
    }
}
```

在Linux的控制台输入命令以启动nginx：

```sh
nginx
```

然后访问页面：[http://192.168.150.101:8081，注意ip地址替换为你自己的虚拟机IP：](https://xiansakana.gitbook.io/study/microservice/http:/192.168.150.101:8081，注意ip地址替换为你自己的虚拟机IP：)

### 3. 备注

加载OpenResty的lua模块：

```nginx
#lua 模块
lua_package_path "/usr/local/openresty/lualib/?.lua;;";
#c模块     
lua_package_cpath "/usr/local/openresty/lualib/?.so;;";  
```

common.lua

```lua
-- 封装函数，发送http请求，并解析响应
local function read_http(path, params)
    local resp = ngx.location.capture(path,{
        method = ngx.HTTP_GET,
        args = params,
    })
    if not resp then
        -- 记录错误信息，返回404
        ngx.log(ngx.ERR, "http not found, path: ", path , ", args: ", args)
        ngx.exit(404)
    end
    return resp.body
end
-- 将方法导出
local _M = {  
    read_http = read_http
}  
return _M
```

释放Redis连接API：

```lua
-- 关闭redis连接的工具方法，其实是放入连接池
local function close_redis(red)
    local pool_max_idle_time = 10000 -- 连接的空闲时间，单位是毫秒
    local pool_size = 100 --连接池大小
    local ok, err = red:set_keepalive(pool_max_idle_time, pool_size)
    if not ok then
        ngx.log(ngx.ERR, "放入redis连接池失败: ", err)
    end
end
```

读取Redis数据的API：

```lua
-- 查询redis的方法 ip和port是redis地址，key是查询的key
local function read_redis(ip, port, key)
    -- 获取一个连接
    local ok, err = red:connect(ip, port)
    if not ok then
        ngx.log(ngx.ERR, "连接redis失败 : ", err)
        return nil
    end
    -- 查询redis
    local resp, err = red:get(key)
    -- 查询失败处理
    if not resp then
        ngx.log(ngx.ERR, "查询Redis失败: ", err, ", key = " , key)
    end
    --得到的数据为空处理
    if resp == ngx.null then
        resp = nil
        ngx.log(ngx.ERR, "查询Redis数据为空, key = ", key)
    end
    close_redis(red)
    return resp
end
```

开启共享词典：

```nginx
# 共享字典，也就是本地缓存，名称叫做：item_cache，大小150m
lua_shared_dict item_cache 150m; 
```


---

# Agent Instructions
This documentation is published with GitBook. GitBook is the documentation platform designed so that both humans and AI agents can read, navigate, and reason over technical content effectively. Learn more at gitbook.com.

## Querying This Documentation
If you need additional information that is not directly available in this page, you can query the documentation dynamically by asking a question.

Perform an HTTP GET request on the current page URL with the `ask` query parameter:

```
GET https://xiansakana.gitbook.io/study/microservice/gao-ji-pian-day04-an-zhuang-openresty.md?ask=<question>
```

The question should be specific, self-contained, and written in natural language.
The response will contain a direct answer to the question and relevant excerpts and sources from the documentation.

Use this mechanism when the answer is not explicitly present in the current page, you need clarification or additional context, or you want to retrieve related documentation sections.